ENIAC
ENIACT (Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer), in the year 1946 is designed and manufactured
by John Mauchly and John Presper Eckert at the University of Pennsylvania is a computer
digital electronics for the world's first public needs. ENIAC was built under the agency
Army's Ballistics Research Laboratory (BRL). An entity responsible for
making tables of distance and trajectory control of new weapons. Previously, this task is performed
by approximately 200 personnel by using a calculator to solve equations
mathematical missiles that takes a long time.
ENIACT had 30 tons of weight, volume 15 000 square feet, and contains more than
18,000 vacuum tubes. The electric power required for 140 KW. Operating speed
reach 5000 additional operations per second. ENIAC was a decimal machine,
representation of data in the form of decimal numbers and arimetiknya made in the form of a decimal.
Memory consists of 20 accumulators, are respectively - each capable akumulatornya
accommodates 10 decimal digits. Each digit is represented by a ring consisting of 10 pieces
vacuum tubes. The main disadvantage of this machine is still manual programming, namely
by setting the switch - switches, installed and removed the cable - the cord. ENIAC
completed in 1946 since the proposal was made in 1943, so year 1946 is
gateways for the new age of electronic computers.
Second Generation: Transistors (1955 - 1965)
Since the rapid component of semiconductor technology to produce transistors
bring major changes to the world of computers. This era of computers no longer use
vacuum tubes that require a large operational power, the tube - the tube was replaced
smaller components called transistors. Electric power consumption is very small and relatively bentuknyapun
small.
The transistor was found at Bell Labs in 1947 and 1950 has been launched
modern electronics revolution. IBM as the first company to launch products
computers with transistors so that still dominates the computer market share. NCR, and RCA
is a company that develops small-sized computer that moment, then followed
IBM to release its 7000 series.
With the transistor current computer hardware that makes the faster the process,
see Table 2.1. Greater memory capacity, but the smaller forms. Generation two
also there is a change in the development of an increasingly complex ALU, the birth of language
availability of high-level programming and operating system software.
The second generation also marked the emergence of Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) years
In 1957 and launched its first computer, namely a PDP. This computer is very important for
development of third generation computers.
Third Generation: Integrated Circuits (1965 - 1980)
In the electronics revolution of 1958 happened again, namely the discovery of integrated
circuit (IC) which is the combination of components - electronic components in a
package. With this IC was found to accelerate the process of getting computers, more memory capacity
form increasingly large and small.
Fourth Generation: Very Large Scale Integration (1980 - Now)
The fourth era characterized by the development of computer genarasi VLSI. VLSI package can
accommodate 10 000 more per kepingnya components with operating speed reaches 100 million
operations per second. Figure 2.7 illustrates the development of the Pentium microprocessor
to the number of transistors per kepingnya.
Period - This period preceded the launch of Intel's microprocessors and 4004 series. 4004 Microprocessor
can add two numbers of 4 bits and can only multiply with the way recurrence
additions. It is still primitive, but this milestone in the development of microprocessor
microprocessors - advanced microprocessors today. There is no definite size view
microprocessors, but the best measure is the data bus width: the number of bits of data that can be sent ,received by the microprocessor. Another measure is the number of bits in the register.
fifth generation
kompuetr is the fifth generation of sophisticated computers, sophistication is not necessary at the question again, characteristic features of the fifth generation of computers is a simple, minimal bodys,
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