history of computer development

First Generation: Vacuum Tubes (1945 - 1955)

ENIAC
ENIACT (Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer), in the year 1946 is designed and manufactured
by John Mauchly and John Presper Eckert at the University of Pennsylvania is a computer
digital electronics for the world's first public needs. ENIAC was built under the agency
Army's Ballistics Research Laboratory (BRL). An entity responsible for
making tables of distance and trajectory control of new weapons. Previously, this task is performed
by approximately 200 personnel by using a calculator to solve equations
mathematical missiles that takes a long time.
ENIACT had 30 tons of weight, volume 15 000 square feet, and contains more than
18,000 vacuum tubes. The electric power required for 140 KW. Operating speed
reach 5000 additional operations per second. ENIAC was a decimal machine,
representation of data in the form of decimal numbers and arimetiknya made in the form of a decimal.
Memory consists of 20 accumulators, are respectively - each capable akumulatornya
accommodates 10 decimal digits. Each digit is represented by a ring consisting of 10 pieces
vacuum tubes. The main disadvantage of this machine is still manual programming, namely
by setting the switch - switches, installed and removed the cable - the cord. ENIAC
completed in 1946 since the proposal was made in 1943, so year 1946 is
gateways for the new age of electronic computers.

Second Generation: Transistors (1955 - 1965)

Since the rapid component of semiconductor technology to produce transistors
bring major changes to the world of computers. This era of computers no longer use
vacuum tubes that require a large operational power, the tube - the tube was replaced
smaller components called transistors. Electric power consumption is very small and relatively bentuknyapun
small.
The transistor was found at Bell Labs in 1947 and 1950 has been launched
modern electronics revolution. IBM as the first company to launch products
computers with transistors so that still dominates the computer market share. NCR, and RCA
is a company that develops small-sized computer that moment, then followed
IBM to release its 7000 series.
With the transistor current computer hardware that makes the faster the process,
see Table 2.1. Greater memory capacity, but the smaller forms. Generation two
also there is a change in the development of an increasingly complex ALU, the birth of language
availability of high-level programming and operating system software.
The second generation also marked the emergence of Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) years
In 1957 and launched its first computer, namely a PDP. This computer is very important for
development of third generation computers.

Third Generation: Integrated Circuits (1965 - 1980)
In the electronics revolution of 1958 happened again, namely the discovery of integrated
circuit (IC) which is the combination of components - electronic components in a
package. With this IC was found to accelerate the process of getting computers, more memory capacity
form increasingly large and small.

Fourth Generation: Very Large Scale Integration (1980 - Now)

The fourth era characterized by the development of computer genarasi VLSI. VLSI package can
accommodate 10 000 more per kepingnya components with operating speed reaches 100 million
operations per second. Figure 2.7 illustrates the development of the Pentium microprocessor
to the number of transistors per kepingnya.
Period - This period preceded the launch of Intel's microprocessors and 4004 series. 4004 Microprocessor
can add two numbers of 4 bits and can only multiply with the way recurrence
additions. It is still primitive, but this milestone in the development of microprocessor
microprocessors - advanced microprocessors today. There is no definite size view
microprocessors, but the best measure is the data bus width: the number of bits of data that can be sent ,received by the microprocessor. Another measure is the number of bits in the register.

fifth generation

kompuetr is the fifth generation of sophisticated computers, sophistication is not necessary at the question again, characteristic features of the fifth generation of computers is a simple, minimal bodys,

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Seven wonders of the world in technology

Advances in technology in the world very fast growing market technology products have been successfully created by humans.
here will be explained to a world of wonders in the world teknologi.yaitu there are seven wonders in the world of technology that succeeded in creating human

1.COMPUTER

Computers are electronic devices used to process data consisting of hardware and software and provides information from the data processing.
Computers have changed the world so that we can say we now live in the computer era, after leaving both the industrial era behind us. Computers are used in almost every aspect of human life - including medicine, science, crime detection, entertainment, and much more.
Computers have revolutionized so many aspects of our lives are now hard to imagine life without it.

2.LINUX

Linux is the name given to the Unix computer operating system. Linux is one example of the development of free software and open source principal. Like the free software and other open source in general, the Linux source code can be modified, used and redistributed freely by anyone. Linux provides a major contribution in disseminating information otomtis increase public knowledge
So many people can work together without having to meet face to face to bring together development projects such as the operating system - and to make it good enough to compete with the giants in the industry, is a miracle in itself.
The project started by Linus Torvalds. In 1991, Linus Torvalds began work on a non-commercial substitute for MINIX (other Unix-like operating systems) when he attended the University of Helsinki. With the code from the GNU system freely available, it is advantageous that this can be used with the OS that has not experienced. Torvalds initiated a switch from the original licenses (which prohibited commercial redistribution) to the GNU GPL. Linux and GNU developers worked to integrate GNU components with Linux to create fully functional and free operating system.

3.INTERNET
Understanding the Internet is a vast computer network that connects one computer to other computers, the relationship between the computer one country to another around the duniadiman in it there are various kinds of information.
Internet is like a modern library of Alexandria. Internet is now available not only for elite people. For every man, woman and children where there is a vast world of information. Some of our daily lives now depend on the Internet, not only for collecting infrmasi and research, but for shopping, entertainment, news, and communication.
Which allows us to communicate with everyone on this planet without the high costs charged by the telephone company.
The Internet has launched the careers of many artists - the people who normally would be ignored by the mainstream industry they work. No doubt, Internet is the world's greatest wonders of technology.

4.LASER

Asher (an abbreviation of the English language: Light amplification by stimulated Emission of Radiation) is a device that uses quantum mechanical effect, stimulated emission, to produce a light of medium koherens "lasing" controlled purity, size, and shape. Expenditures from the laser can be continuous and constant-amplitude (known as CW or continuous wave), or beating, with menggunak Q-switching technique, modelocking, or gain-switching.

5.SPACE STASIUN

International Space Station (International Space Station ISS) is a joint space station plan, particularly the Russian Mir 2, Space Station Freedom United States and the European Columbus Orbital Facility, represents the human presence in space remains: has been occupied by at least two people since Nov. 2, 2000.
About 60 years ago the world was involved in one war terbesardalam human civilization. Many years after that several countries were thrown into the cold war. Who would believe that before the end of the 20th century, the countries that formerly were enemies to sebagianbangsa others joined together to create a space station?
ISS is a joint project of 16 countries: USA, Russia, Japan, Canada, Brazil and 11 countries from the European Union. And their space agency NASA is American, Russian Federal Space Agency, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Canadian Space Agency (CSA / ASC), Brazilian Space Agency (Agencia Espacial Brasileira) (AEB) and the European Space Agency (ESA). International Space Station has enabled us to learn that we can work together peacefully, especially in the pursuit of scientific knowledge.

6.iPod


This item will become the most controversial in this list. iPod has the impact to the whole world about how we listen to music, how we buy music, and how we see entertainment as a whole. Is not the first iPod portable digital music device, but it has been clearly the most effect of all. This has created a whole industry that supports gadgets and accessories and it has become the basis of the only successful attempt by any company to solve the Recording Industry's hold on music distribution. The devices have a huge cultural impact on society when compared with when the tool was first launched.
iPod is a brand range of digital media player device that is designed and sold by Apple Computer (Hewlett-Packard also had the chance to sell these products with the name Apple iPod + HP). The name "iPod" is also used to be a variant of one digital media player in the series (the variant is now called "iPod classic"). Most variants of the iPod provides a user interface (user interface) is simple to use design in the form of swivel wheel (scroll wheel). iPod classic storing data on a hard drive, while other models use flash memory. Like most other music player device, the iPod can be used as an external hard drive when connected to a computer.

7.TELESKOP SAPCE TELESCPE

Hubble Space Telescope is a space telescope in Earth orbit. Hubble's name was taken from a famous American scientist, Edwin Hubble who is also the inventor of the Hubble law. Most of the celestial bodies that have been identified, is a service the Hubble telescope.
Since its launch in 1990, Hubble Space Telescope has been one of the most important instrument in the history of astronomy. Children today do not have to look to the sky and wondered - Hubble has brought the beauty of heaven to earth. Hubble telescope has allowed many extraordinary discoveries about the universe and its origins.
Hubble seharunya be disabled by the end of 2005. However, in October 1997, NASA decided to extend Hubble's operations from 2005 to 2010. Hubble will be replaced by the James Webb telescope.
Every day, many of which apply the laser, industrial, research, in medical fields, lasers have revolutionized surgery and now we can restore sight to someone who is almost blind with their assistance.

[komputer.kreatips]

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How to maintain the body's metabolism

Maintain body condition is very important for humans, because to live a normal life like now as global warming, environmental contamination, and so on, to live a good routine, here I'll give you tips and tricks to maintain the condition of the body or metabolism to stay awake and body we will always be healthy, fit and energetic every day.

1. Take care of your diet. Eat regularly, morning, noon and night. You are not accustomed to breakfast? You can start the day with a glass of fruit juice or milk. Lunch menu was not in vain. Four perfectly healthy 5 you should try. Avoid fast food. You need a source of power, therefore find the best source of energy.

2. Fulfill your need for sleep that night. Lack of sleep definitely make you tired easily. angry and could not concentrate. Keep your night's sleep as many as nine hours. If the portion has not been able to sleep your fill, try to substitute with a nap break.

3. Stress can be one factor that makes your metabolism down. Stress can make it easier penyakin into the body and slow the healing process. Take time to chat with friends or hang out at your favorite places. Be someone who always overcome with happiness.

4. Regular exercise of course will increase your body's fitness. Just do a little exercise, like cycling or jogging with your friends. Do it with joy. Because the sport is done can not be forced to bear fruit also maximal.

5. It tips the ones you hear. Drinking eight glasses of water every day. Two liters of water we consume Apparently it was useless to regulate body temperature, blood flow and spread nutrients throughout your body. So there's no harm in you get used to consume water with the proper dosage.

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